Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia in Pregnant Women: A Comprehensive Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Factors

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is a significant global health issue, particularly in developing countries like India, where it poses risks to both maternal and fetal health, leading to complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight.Despite public health initiatives, the prevalence remains high, necessitating an understanding of its causes and associated haematological profiles. Objective:The study aims to assess the prevalence and severity of anaemia among pregnant women, while also examining various haematological parameters and identifying socio-economic, dietary, and healthcare-related factors contributing to anaemia. Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 300 pregnant women attending antenatal care from January to June 2024.Data were collected through structured questionnaires and blood samples for haematological analysis.Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its associations with demographic and clinical variables. Result:The study found that the average age of participants was 29.8 years, with 86% taking iron and folic acid supplements.The overall haemoglobin level was 11.80 g/dL, with 52 participants diagnosed with anaemia, primarily mild (59.62%).Significant differences were observed in demographic factors such as age, BMI, residence, and educational status between anaemic and nonanaemic women. Conclusion:The findings indicate that anaemia among pregnant women is influenced by various demographic and clinical factors, including age, BMI, and education.The study underscores the importance of regular antenatal care and targeted public health strategies to address nutritional deficiencies and improve healthcare access for vulnerable populations.