Klotho Protein in Neuronal Disorders: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions

Neurological disorders encompass a broad spectrum of conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, with etiologies that include genetic predisposition, infections, trauma, and environmental factors.These disorders, which include neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, neuropsychiatric conditions, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurotraumatic injuries, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, migraines, and peripheral neuropathies, present a substantial global healthcare challenge due to their high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life.The complexity of the nervous system, combined with the multifactorial nature of these disorders, presents significant obstacles to therapeutic intervention, underscoring the need for a more refined understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms.The Klotho protein has garnered attention for its role in attenuating the aging process, with elevated expression in the brain shown to ameliorate the pathological features associated with neurological disorders through the modulation of key molecular signaling pathways.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which Klotho exerts its neuroprotective effects, while also exploring current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting Klotho as a potential avenue for the development of novel treatments for neurological disorders.