A Multi-Factor Authentication Scheme Based on Zero Trust Network Access for LEO Satellite Communication Systems

Satellite communication is considered to be one of the most important communication methods in the future. Satellite communication can provide essential communication links and services in areas without network coverage or in remote regions. Moreover, in the event of natural disasters, satellite communication is a crucial tool capable of providing rapid and effective communication support. However, owing to their high efficiency in transmitting information, satellite communication may also be targeted for various illegal uses, which poses security concerns. For example, the interception of signals, tampering with timestamps, or fraudulent identity use are potential threats. Therefore, this study adopts a challenge/response mechanism to enhance the communication security. The scheme proposed in this paper has the advantages of low computation and communication costs while maintaining a high level of security and reliability. This study analyzes the security, and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme through simulation experiments.