Improved GMM High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Land Cover Classification

To address the increased complexity of surface cover, increased heterogeneity within homogeneous regions, and increased similarity between different regions in high-resolution remote sensing images, which lead to increased classification difficulty, a supervised learning method based on a double neighborhood relationship Gaussian Regression Mixture Model (GRMM) is proposed. Firstly, supervised sampling of image regions is conducted, fitting histograms using the least squares method to establish Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) for each land cover to represent the complex gray-scale features of land cover. Secondly, local spatial information of adjacent pixels is introduced into the image gray-scale space to construct a Gaussian Regression Model (GRM). Finally, in the membership degree space, the neighborhood relationship is processed again to achieve classification decision. The kappa coefficients of GRMM on synthetic images and real high-resolution remote sensing images respectively reaches 97.2% and 98.5%. Compared to existing mainstream models, GRMM demonstrates strong classification efficiency, noise reduction capability, and generalization ability, with clear classification boundaries, effectively improved the land cover classification capability of remote sensing images.