Differences in vaping frequency and negative health effects experienced from vaping in a sample of vapers from three Middle Eastern countries

Country-based differences reflect policy stringency as more strict ones (Qatar) had lower vaping frequency. Higher vaping frequency was more evident in compulsive vapers, daily vapers, and vapers with past tobacco use history. Negative health outcomes were more common among females and in those with past quit attempts, which signifies the need for targeted vaping cessation for these populations.