Monitoring the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with comorbid cardiovascular pathology

Prevention of both chronic non-communicable and infectious diseases is the basis of modern healthcare. The danger to public health among chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is, first of all, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), occupying a leading place among the causes of death in young and middle-aged people. Among infectious diseases in the same age category is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, the quality and availability of medical care for rural residents are in a worse position compared to urban residents. Determination of risk factors for tuberculosis in people with cardiovascular pathology is necessary to reduce morbidity, disability and mortality from all causes. The aim of this study was to monitor the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with comorbid cardiovascular pathology. Materials and methods. A simple retrospective study included 268 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB at the Omsk Central District Hospital in 2018–2022. 54 cases with newly diagnosed TB and comorbid cardiovascular pathology were included in the analysis. The median age (Me 25; 75) was 47 (38.5; 59.5) years. The odds ratio and factor analysis methods were used for the calculation. Research results. In the presence of arterial hypertension, the odds ratio OR for developing TB=1.1172 (CI 0.5031–1.9955; p<0.001). The chances that a patient with arterial hypertension will develop pulmonary tuberculosis are 1.12 times higher than in the absence of this pathology. In the presence of coronary heart disease, the odds ratio OR=2.9127 (CI 1.0493–8.0848; p<0.001). In a patient with ischemic heart disease, the probability of developing pulmonary tuberculosis increases 3 times than in the absence of it. According to the results of factor analysis, among patients with cardiovascular pathology, the risk group for developing TB includes individuals who have used psychoactive substances in the past or present, who were previously admitted to the penal colony. At the same time, contact was not established in this category of patients and TB was detected when they sought medical care for reasons not related to respiratory pathology.