Prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in older adult population in Shanghai, China: A population‐based observational study

^**Significant Prevalence^**: The study identified a substantial prevalence of iNPH in older adults, with rates increasing significantly with age, particularly among those aged 90-99 years and centenarians. ^**Diagnostic Approach^**: The research utilized novel diagnostic methodologies by integrating the DESH score or Radscale score with stringent clinical symptoms, providing a closer approximation to the true prevalence of iNPH. ^**Gender Disparity^**: A marked gender difference was observed, with the prevalence of iNPH being significantly higher in males compared to females across all age groups. ^**Clinical Implications^**: The findings underscore the importance of considering iNPH in the differential diagnosis of dementia, particularly among older male patients presenting with cognitive impairment and gait disturbances. ^**Public Health Impact^**: The estimated number of s-probable iNPH patients in Shanghai highlights the need for increased awareness and better management strategies for this underdiagnosed condition in the aging population.