Biomass burning enhanced human exposure risks in the context of global warming

In the context of global warming, biomass energy is gaining popularity due to its perceived carbon neutrality. However, the pollutants emitted during biomass combustion and the associated human health concerns are often overlooked. The increased frequency of heatwaves and wildfires contributes significantly to carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM) emissions, posing substantial risks to public health. Furthermore, the greening of high-latitude regions as a result of global warming has increased the availability of biomass for local use. However, incomplete combustion of this biomass can lead to indoor air pollution and heightened health risks. Additionally, more frequent cold waves increase the demand for space heating, leading to increased household biomass burning, which raises exposure risks, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is, therefore, essential to focus on human exposure risks associated with biomass burning, particularly from pathways not typically emphasized in the context of global warming.