Diagnostic trap: a case report of intimal sarcoma occurring in the left atrium

A rare case of cardiovascular IS located in the left atrium has been documented. Diagnosing this condition poses significant challenges based solely on histological, cytomorphological, and immunophenotypic characteristics, as differentiation from angiosarcoma, malignant mesothelioma, synovial sarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma is difficult. Consequently, diagnosing IS necessitates a comprehensive approach that integrates clinical presentation, echocardiography, and pathological examinations, encompassing morphology, immunohistochemistry, and genomic analysis. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment option. However, the rate of postoperative recurrence is high, and the prognosis remains poor. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are suggested. In advanced cases, comprehensive immunotherapy methods may be employed to enhance patient survival rates and quality of life.