Development and validation of SaPeIH-Q: A questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice on seat belt usage among pregnant women in Indonesia

Problems considered: The outcome on mortality and morbidity to both mother and child from motor vehicle accidents are associated with proper seat belt usage.This study aims to develop and validate Sabuk.Pengaman.Pada.Ibu.Hamil Questionnaire (SaPeIH-Q), a questionnaire in the Indonesian Language that measures knowledge, attitude, and practice on seat belt usage among pregnant women.Methods: Stage 1 was development of the questionnaire and stage 2 involved the validity and reliability testing.A total of 43 items under three domains were developed based on literature review and the health belief model theory.The SaPeIH-Q validation process includes content validity by a panel of seven experts and one pregnant women, face validity by ten pregnant women, construct validity using exploratory factor analysis by 80 participants, and reliability analysis using Cronbach Alpha.Results: From the content validity, two out of 12 knowledge items were removed due to low Item Content Validity (I-CVI) values.One of the 14 attitude items was revised but retained.In the practice domain, all 17 items have an I-CVI value of more than 0.78 but the number of items were reduced to six due to repetition, and one item was moved to the knowledge domain.Construct validity was carried out for the knowledge and attitude domains respectively.From the construct validation process, the knowledge items were further reduced from 11 to 10, and the attitude items from 14 to 12.The Cronbach alpha values of each of the 3 domains were 0.931, 0.956, and 0.911 respectively. Conclusion:The final Indonesian Language SaPeIH-Q with 28 items or questions is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring knowledge, attitude, and practice on seat belt usage among pregnant women.