Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Smart Agriculture Irrigation and Monitoring System Using Ubidots Server

The growing world population necessitates more efficient food production, particularly in agriculture. Traditional irrigation techniques usually result in overwatering or underwatering, which wastes energy and water and reduces agricultural productivity. Smart agriculture optimizes food production, resource management, and labor. This study introduces an intelligent irrigation and monitoring system that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) to automate water pump management and monitor sunlight, temperature, and humidity levels without human interaction. The system’s hardware components include a soil moisture sensor, a sunlight sensor, temperature and humidity (DHT11) sensors, an ESP32 microcontroller, and a pump motor. The sensors are in charge of gathering the information that the ESP32 microcontroller needs in order to properly operate the pump motor. To operate and monitor data from the sensors remotely, the ESP32 is also integrated with the well-known Ubidots server via a wireless sensor network. Initially, sensors such as the DHT11, soil moisture sensors, and sunlight level sensors collect data from the field and send it to the ESP32 microcontroller. The microcontroller then compares the received data to the previously stored data. If the values are greater than the threshold, the associated devices turn on and update the sensor value and pump motor condition to the Ubidots server.