Transformation of mining and metallurgical waste into functional materials: overview of technologies and applications

The article provides an overview of modern methods of processing mining and metallurgical waste to obtain functional materials such as silicon, rare earth metals, nanoporous silica and other valuable components. The technologies of processing and purification, including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, as well as their applicability to various types of waste generated in the mining and metallurgical complex are considered. Special attention is paid to the environmental aspects and economic efficiency of waste recycling, as well as the possibilities of implementing waste-free processes that reduce environmental pollution. Examples of successful implementation of innovative technologies are given and prospects for the use of recycled materials in various industries are described. The authors emphasize the importance of implementing waste-free processes to reduce environmental pollution. The article also discusses methods for the extraction and processing of silicon and silica, which can significantly improve the properties of the final products. Innovative technologies for processing waste from mining and metallurgical production contribute not only to reducing the volume of waste but also to the creation of new economically profitable materials. The study aims to draw attention to the importance of waste recycling and demonstrates the potential of their use as valuable raw materials, which contributes to sustainable development and efficient use of natural resources. The authors also discuss the prospects for further development of recycling technologies, including the development of new methods and optimization of existing processes, which will increase efficiency and reduce waste recycling costs.