Chráněná území a ochranná pásma při ochraně životního prostředí

The work intends to survey the types of protected areas and protective zones that protect one or more environmental media. The problems are demonstrated on protected areas and protective zones serving for protection of nature and the landscape. This type of protected areas defines current legal adjustment in most detailed and most elaborated way. This adjustment is contained in the law No. 114/1992 C.L., about protection of nature and the landscape, in valid wording. The work is divided in three basic parts. Part I is bestowed on general definition and importance of protected areas and protective zones within the framework of environmental protection. It describes valid legal adjustment of single types of protected areas and protective zones that fulfil their function by the protection of environment single components or media. At the same time, protected areas and protective zones conceived as one of special instruments (means) of some environmental media protection, as special instrument of territorial nature. From this part of the work follows the importance of this institute for single environmental media protection in Czech legal order. A very important instrument of environmental protection is the institute of protected areas and protective zones in the case of protection of nature and the landscape and in the case of waters protection. However, it is also used by other media protection, while the importance for environmental protection have got also protected areas and protective zones that were primary established for the purpose of other object protection than one part of environment or of its media (for example for the purpose of culture monuments protection). In this passage we have to say that the work uses the term “environment” in a stricter sense: in the way, in which this term is traditionally defined on Faculty of Laws of UK in Prague. In this sense, the term “environment” is explained in accord with valid legal adjustment defining it as all components that create natural conditions for organisms’ existence including the man and it is the precondition of their further development. The components of environment are especially: air, water, minerals, soil, organisms, ecosystems and energy. It is to see that culture monuments are not included in this definition. As we mentioned above, the work intents especially on protected areas and their protective zones declared for the purpose of protection of nature and the landscape: part li of the work specializes in this problems. At the same time, the institute of protected areas and protective zones, having been adjusted by the law of protection of nature and the landscape (the law No. 114/1992 C.L., in valid wording) serves as abundantly representative case of protected areas and protective zones problems. One part of consequences and problem aspects that concern this category of protected areas and protective zones is valid also for protected areas and protective zones functioning for other parts of environment protection than nature. These generally valid consequences summarizes the third, closing part of the work.