Novel Continuous-Time Markov Chain-Based Model for Performance Analysis of Hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency Communications

This paper introduces a Markov-process-based model to analyze the performance of hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency communication systems. The proposed model captures the dynamic behavior of the link by representing the transitions between various operational states under changing environmental conditions. State probabilities are derived analytically, providing insight into the system’s reliability and efficiency within diverse scenarios. These probabilities can be employed to define and evaluate various performance metrics. This study examines the loss function associated with the suboptimal utilization of Free Space Optics when Radio Frequency is required and vice versa within hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency communication systems. A problem statement for optimizing system performance is proposed, and the corresponding solution is obtained. The results facilitate the identification of an optimal trade-off between the cost of switching configurations and communication efficiency. The findings provide a quantitative framework for designing adaptive hybrid communication systems that improve reliability and reduce communication disruptions.