Projective representations of real semisimple Lie groups and the gradient map

Abstract Let G be a real noncompact semisimple connected Lie group and let $$\rho : G \longrightarrow \text {SL}(V)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⟶</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>SL</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a faithful irreducible representation on a finite-dimensional vector space V over $$\mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We suppose that there exists a scalar product $$\texttt {g}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> on V such that $$\rho (G)=K\exp ({\mathfrak {p}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>exp</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$K=\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})\cap \rho (G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $${\mathfrak {p}}=\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})\cap (\text {d} \rho )_e ({\mathfrak {g}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Sym</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>d</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Here, $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> denotes the Lie algebra of G , $$\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denotes the connected component of the orthogonal group containing the identity element and $$\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Sym</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denotes the set of symmetric endomorphisms of V with trace zero. In this paper, we study the projective representation of G on $${\mathbb {P}}(V)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> arising from $$\rho $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . There is a corresponding G -gradient map $$\mu _{\mathfrak {p}}:{\mathbb {P}}(V) \longrightarrow {\mathfrak {p}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟶</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using G -gradient map techniques, we prove that the unique compact G orbit $${\mathcal {O}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> inside the unique compact $$U^\mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> orbit $${\mathcal {O}}'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow>

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Journal
Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry
Published
2025-02-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10455-025-09986-z
Primary Topic
Geometry and complex manifolds
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article
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article

Projective representations of real semisimple Lie groups and the gradient map

Leonardo Biliotti
Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry
Geometry and complex manifolds
article

Projective representations of real semisimple Lie groups and the gradient map

Leonardo Biliotti
article en

Abstract

Abstract Let G be a real noncompact semisimple connected Lie group and let $$\rho : G \longrightarrow \text {SL}(V)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⟶</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>SL</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a faithful irreducible representation on a finite-dimensional vector space V over $$\mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We suppose that there exists a scalar product $$\texttt {g}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> on V such that $$\rho (G)=K\exp ({\mathfrak {p}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>exp</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$K=\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})\cap \rho (G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $${\mathfrak {p}}=\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})\cap (\text {d} \rho )_e ({\mathfrak {g}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Sym</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>d</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Here, $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> denotes the Lie algebra of G , $$\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>SO</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denotes the connected component of the orthogonal group containing the identity element and $$\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Sym</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denotes the set of symmetric endomorphisms of V with trace zero. In this paper, we study the projective representation of G on $${\mathbb {P}}(V)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> arising from $$\rho $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> </mml:math> . There is a corresponding G -gradient map $$\mu _{\mathfrak {p}}:{\mathbb {P}}(V) \longrightarrow {\mathfrak {p}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟶</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using G -gradient map techniques, we prove that the unique compact G orbit $${\mathcal {O}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> inside the unique compact $$U^\mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> orbit $${\mathcal {O}}'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow>

Annals of Global Analysis and GeometryVol. 67(2)
University of Parma (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi", Università degli Studi di Parma, Gruppo Nazionale per le Strutture Algebriche, Geometriche e le loro Applicazioni
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Geometry and complex manifolds
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