THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION FOR PREVENTING OF FRACTURES A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: The interplay between supplementation and other treatments adds complexity to the role of calcium and vitamin D in fracture prevention. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D and calcium supplementation for fracture prevention based on literatures of the last decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation effectively reduce fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women and older adults. Adequate intake improves bone mineral density and enhances bone strength, providing significant protection against fractures, especially in those with deficiency.