Natural Sweeteners: Biosynthesis and Pharmacological

Natural sweeteners have gained attention as promising alternatives to artificial sweeteners and traditional sugars due to their low or zero-calorie content and diverse bioactive properties. This review examines several key natural sweeteners, including steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidin, and fructooligosaccharides. The biosynthetic pathways of these sweeteners, combined with their health benefits, make them valuable in managing metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. This article also discusses their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, highlighting their role in promoting healthier dietary practices. Further research is needed to optimize their production and fully assess their long-term health impacts, which will be essential for unlocking their therapeutic potential.