Metallurgical terminology in M. V. Lomonosov's treatise "First Foundations of Metallurgy or Mining Affairs" and its modern lexicographical representation: a lexico-semantic aspect

The objective of the study is to determine the principles of terminological description of metals in the 18th-century treatise and their classification in diachrony. The scientific novelty of the study consists in studying the structure of the term as a lexical unit presented in the treatise by M. V. Lomonosov "The First Foundations of Metallurgy or Ore Mining" and in the modern geological dictionary edited by K. N. Paffenholz, as well as in the comparative-contrastive analysis of the main characteristics of the terms naming metals. The obtained results showed that the description and classification of lexical units naming metals in the considered treatise by M. V. Lomonosov and in the modern geological dictionary differ. "The First Foundations of Metallurgy or Ore Mining" is based on the principles of observation of a natural object, study of its characteristics (physical and chemical properties), collection of extensive factual material and application of experimental research data, characteristic of the 18th-century science. Treatise by M. V. Lomonosov is addressed to a wide range of readers and is designed as a teaching aid. The modern geological dictionary, which is intended for specialists in the field of mining, provides clear and precise criteria for classifying metals from the point of view of geological science, describes in more detail the types of metals, the shape of crystals, their location in rocks.