Investigating the effect of conventional physiotherapy training on muscle activity among diabetic neuropathy patients through wireless EMG: a pilot study

Persons with diabetes often experience muscle weakness and decreased mobility due to diabetic neuropathy. This condition usually arises due to prolonged elevated blood sugar levels, which damage the motor nerves, innervating the muscles and sensory nerves. As the neuropathy progresses, it can cause loss of muscle mass and diminished motor function in the legs and feet. Consequently, individuals with diabetic neuropathy may experience difficulties with balance, walking, and performing daily activities. This weakness increases the risk of falls and injuries and contributes to reduced mobility and a lower quality of life. Hence, early intervention and management are essential to preserve muscle strength and functionality among the diabetic population. Managing muscle function and mobility in affected individuals is a significant challenge. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effect of conventional physiotherapy training on muscle activity in diabetic neuropathy patients using Noroxon wireless sensor electromyography (EMG) technology. The study included 8 patients aged 45-65; after obtaining consent and meeting selection criteria, these patients were enrolled. Wireless sensor EMG monitored muscle activity in the tibialis anterior and soleus. Participants underwent conventional physiotherapy, consisting of 40 minutes daily, 5 days a week, over 3 months. The result showed a significant increase in the maximum voluntary contraction of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles on both right and left side mean values at p ≤ 0.001. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that diabetic neuropathy causes alterations in muscle dynamics, particularly in distal muscles. These findings offer valuable insights into the progression of neuropathy and highlight the effectiveness of physiotherapy in mitigating its effects by significantly enhancing the maximum voluntary contraction of these muscles.