Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources during the Peanut Growing Season in the Huang-Huai-Hai Main Production Area

Abstract This study utilized daily meteorological data from 78 meteorological stations in the Huang-Huai-Hai peanut main production area from 1980 to 2021. Methods such as linear trend estimation and the Mann–Kendall abrupt change test were employed to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate resources such as heat, precipitation, and sunlight during the peanut growing season. The results show that heat resources during the peanut growing season in this research area exhibit a significantly increasing trend ( P < 0.01), with a general pattern of higher temperatures in the south and lower temperatures in the north. Since the 1980s, heat resources during the peanut growing season have shown a year-by-year upward trend. Changes in precipitation resources in the research area were not significant, but they exhibited a distinct latitudinal distribution, gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. Precipitation fluctuations were considerable, with no significant increasing trend. The number of precipitation days displayed a weak decreasing trend. Neither of these parameters exhibited abrupt changes, and there was no consistent pattern of interdecadal change over the years. Sunlight resources in the research area exhibited a decreasing trend, with total sunshine hours showing a significant reduction ( P < 0.05). Solar radiation exhibited a highly significant decreasing trend ( P < 0.01). Both parameters showed a trend of increase, decrease, and then increase again over interdecadal periods, and both experienced abrupt changes in 2000. The spatial distribution of these changes gradually increased from southwest to northeast. In summary, the overall agricultural climate resources in this research area are exhibiting a trend toward warmer and wetter conditions, which could potentially impact peanut production.