Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of doped conducting polymers and their application in supercapacitors: An overview

• Reviewing different synthesis processes associated with numerous conducting polymer for electrochemical applications. • Highlighting the cyclic voltammetry , chronopotentiometry, Chronoamperometry, organic oxidation , and inorganic oxidation polymerization processes. • Tabulating recently published topmost research work on conducting polymer-based supercapacitor and their performance. • Providing a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements in the synthesis of conducting polymers and their applications in supercapacitors, acting as a valuable reference point for researchers seeking current knowledge in this field. • Signifying the present challenges and prospects of conducting polymer-based supercapacitors. The main objective of this review is to summarize and provide an overview of the pathways involved in the synthesis of doped conducting polymers as a potential application for asymmetric supercapacitor-based electrodes and devices. This work focuses on the electrochemical synthesis and chemical oxidation processes of conducting polymers (CPs) such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and polypyrrole, polythiophene. In electrochemical processes, potentiodynamic cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry are employed. Different types of chemical and electrochemical polymerization techniques are defined and denoted. To create an oxidized polymer chain, the repeating units (monomers) forming the conducting polymer can be oxidized by inorganic salt and organic reducer. The doping processes determine the base and salt state, the inherent conductivity, and the morphological properties of the CPs. They can be doped with either the p-type or the n-type. An electron is taken from the polymer chain in p-type doping and introduced to the conducting polymer chain in n-type doping. During this doping procedure, the polymer chain’s molecular structure is deformed. Doing this usually takes place during the synthesis of both electrochemical and chemical processes. In this work, the synthesized CPs-based supercapacitor electrode, and their experimental work and output data were surveyed and discussed. Furthermore, the synthesis protocol, supercapacitor performance evaluation, and future hypothesis were studied. This study can be a reference for researchers exploring CPs for supercapacitor electrodes and devices.