LFIZW-GRHFMR: Robust Zero-Watermarking with GRHFMR for Light Field Image

Light field (LF) image data potentially involves a lot of sensitive information about users. Its transmission channel breaches could compromise user privacy and implicate illegal activities. Therefore, the confidentiality and integrity of LF image data transmission are crucial. However, most of the existing watermarking techniques may not adequately consider the confidentiality and integrity authentication of LF image data transmission. To address this problem, this article employs Generic Radial Harmonic Fourier Moments in Radon space (GRHFMR) to propose a robust zero-watermarking scheme of the LF image, called LFIZW-GRHFMR. Specifically, the radial harmonic Fourier coefficients of sub-aperture images (SAIs) of LF image are calculated by taking into full consideration the characteristics of the GRHFMR variable weight basis function, and then the corresponding watermarks are combined to generate zero-watermarks with stronger robustness. For yielding more watermarking information and enhancing security authentication, the 32 key SAIs of LF image at a sampling rate of 0.5 are selected to act with GRHFMR. Meanwhile, the key SAIs are converted as video streaming with high efficiency video coding for transmission to improve the data transmission efficiency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LFIZW-GRHFMR outperforms the latest watermarking methods.