What Are the Learning Obstacles in Students' Algebraic Thinking During the Introduction of Plane Geometry Material?

This research addresses the challenges elementary students face in developing algebraic thinking skills, particularly during the introduction of plane geometry topics such as squares and rectangles. Algebraic thinking, essential for identifying patterns, relationships, and generalizations, is often hindered by various learning obstacles. Using a qualitative approach with Didactical Design Research (DDR), data were collected through tests, interviews, and document studies. The research involved 30 second-grade students, with six selected for detailed unstructured interviews to confirm their responses. The findings highlight five major learning obstacles: (1) difficulty understanding word problems, (2) difficulty representing problems mathematically, (3) difficulty in measurement and calculations, (4) challenges in communicating solutions, and (5) inability to generalize solutions. These results emphasize the need for improved didactic designs that address learning obstacles and foster algebraic thinking. The study offers actionable insights for enhancing mathematics education in elementary schools.