Semantic features of verbs meaning 'to stand' in a contrastive perspective (based on data from Kabardian-Circassian, Russian, and English languages)

The aim of this study is to identify universal and idioethnic principles in the semantic development of the positional verb meaning 'to stand,' which denotes one of the fundamental (basic) types of subject location in space. The study examines the ways in which spatial situations are categorized using this verb in the Kabardian-Circassian language in contrast to Russian and English; it analyzes the specific nature of the reinterpretation of the studied units in these languages. The scientific novelty of the proposed work lies in the fact that, for the first time, the specifics of the semantic development of the mentioned Kabardian verb are studied against the backdrop of correlating units in Russian and English, which has made it possible to identify the limits of lexical-semantic and grammatical variation of this verb in a cross-cultural perspective. The results obtained showed that the Kabardian lexeme realizes a more diverse network of lexical meanings, and also demonstrates an extreme degree of deconceptualization, which contributes to its acquisition of a linking function and its inclusion in the grammatical paradigm of categories and forms: mood, tense, modality, and causativity.