Preliminary Assessment of BDS-3 B1 and B2 Wideband Multiplexed Signal in Enhancing Ranging and Positioning Performance

In order to meet the demands of high-precision positioning and the constraints of limited spectrum resources, the BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has implemented advanced signal structures and multiplexing techniques in the B1 and B2 bands. Specifically, signals in adjacent subbands are dual-frequency multiplexed into Wideband Multiplexed Signal (WMS). The high-frequency complex subcarriers, serving as multiplexing components, not only enable satellites to achieve higher broadcast efficiency, but also show the potential to enhance ranging and positioning performance through excellent thermal noise and multipath resistance performance. To conduct a systematic assessment of the high-precision potential of B1 and B2 WMSs, we perform tracking, ranging, Single Point Positioning (SPP) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional narrowband signals, B1 and B2 WMSs can improve ranging precision by 5 to 10 times, significantly reduce multipath error envelope area, decrease SPP Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by approximately 70%, and accelerate PPP convergence by about 20%. These results validate the high-precision capability of B1 and B2 WMSs, demonstrate the superior positioning performance of BDS-3.