Enhanced Tree-Seed Continuous Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks, efficient and reliable data routing is critical, especially in environments characterized by dynamic topology changes and resource constraints. Multipath routing techniques are essential for reducing energy consumption, improving scalability and facilitating load balancing in WSNs. This paper presents a novel routing framework the Enhanced Tree-Seed-Optimal Path Routing Protocol which operates in three main phases: Network Clustering, Optimized multipath routing and Route maintenance. High quality clustering is done by Fuzzy Gaussian Adaptive Clustering with the prediction of residual energy, number of neighbor node and distance to BS ensuring the selection of CL and formation of cluster. In the second phase, the Enhanced Tree-Seed Algorithm is applied to discover and optimize multiple routing paths between sensor nodes, providing robust and reliable data transmission. Lastly, the routing paths are maintained to prevent the path breakages which lead to regenerate route discovery. The proposed work enhances the adaptability of the network to dynamic condition but also prolongs the network's operational lifetime. The protocol has been simulated across various WSN configurations and the results are compared with existing routing protocols. Simulation outcomes shows that the Enhanced Tree-Seed Optimal Path Routing Protocol is superior to other routing protocols in terms of End-to-End delay, Energy Consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and Network lifetime.