A Comprehensive Analysis on Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

While fundamental communication in wireless networks relies on time synchronization, it also enables motion, location, and proximity sensing. Four features-time spent sending and receiving, accessing and distributing-define the synchronization challenge. Three modern synchronization strategies are presented: sensor networks' broadcast and temporal synchronization protocols and the Flooding Synchronize Time Protocol. In addition, industrial examples and security concerns are discussed. This study of 32 survey paper articles investigates numerous existing techniques, protocols, and crucial temporal aspects for achieving accurate coordination in a sensor network. An all-node method, a diffusion-based strategy, and group sync techniques are application-specific solutions that strive to provide network-wide synchronization. Traditional time synchronization protocols like RBS and TPSN are also available. A new kind of scalable, topologically independent, fast-converging, energy-efficient, less-latent, and application-dependent system is needed, and this study will examine the most popular current time synchronization methods to bring attention to this requirement. An approach to secure time synchronization under dangerous conditions. This survey's various examined criteria provide a solid foundation for evaluating novel and present synchronization strategies.