Effect of Hole Transport Layer on Tin Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells are one of the most emerging photovoltaic solar cells now a days. The popular perovskite absorber layer <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{MAPbX}_{3}$</tex>. Due to the presence of lead (Pb) in absorber layer which can create harmful effect in the atmosphere therefore researchers try to work with a substitute material of Pb by Sn as a perovskite absorber. Perovskite solar cells will be the new replacement of available Si based solar cells in the market due to their high efficiency. In this paper, a numerical simulation was performed for different hole transport layers (HTL) of Sn based perovskite solar cell. This study consists of both organic (Spiro-OMETAD) and inorganic <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\text{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \text{NiO},\ \text{CuSCN})$</tex>, as HTL layer. The thickness <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\text{in}\ \mu \mathrm{m})$</tex> of the absorber layer change for different HTL layer and observed the results. As per numerical simulation performed by SCAPS-1D, where various electrical and optical parameters and structure of the cell are compared to get results. In our structure, the highest PCE obtain by thickness variation of 50 nm to 350 nm for NiO as HTL is 11.09% to 24.93%. So, we can conclude that for ZnO as an electron transport layer, use inorganic HTL <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\text{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \text{NiO}$</tex>, CuSCN) to obtain better efficiency, less cost as well as less affected by the environmental condition like excessive (light, heat and water) compared to organic HTL.