Improving Load Frequency Control in Power Systems with Energy Storage Devices via FOPID Controllers

Power systems play a crucial role in providing sustainable energy across various sectors, including critical applications such as military equipment. However, optimizing their stability to meet modern energy demands presents a considerable challenge. This paper introduces a novel methodology aimed at improving the stability of a three-zone hydroelectric power system. The approach involves the integration of fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers and energy storage devices (ESDs), supported by an improved whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The proposed method demon-strates significant efficacy, notably reducing frequency overshoot by 82.2%, from -0.1437 Hz (ISFS) to -0.0256 Hz in Zone 1. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including rapid response times and seamless convergence, thereby leading to improved stability in load frequency control.