Systematic Optimization of InBi2S4Cl Absorber Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance

In this study, a new perovskite solar cell utilizing InBi<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf>Cl as an absorber layer has been developed and optimized owing to its superior optical and electrical properties. Both the photovoltaic (PV) performance and the stability of the cell were significantly improved. The optimization process was conducted using SCAPS 1D software. By systematically varying and optimizing the thickness (0.1 to 1 µm) and bulk defect density (BDD- 1× 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> to l×10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> /cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>) of the absorber layer, the optimized cell achieved the following PV parameters: Voc of 0.67 V, Jsc of 18.51 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, fill factor (FF) of 67.26%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.34%.