Investigation of the Recombination Processes in FA_0.75Cs_0.25SnI₃-based Perovskite Solar Cell: A Theoretical Framework via SCAPS-1D

This study deals with the investigation of recombination mechanism in lead-free <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{FA}_{0.75}\text{Cs}_{0.25}\text{SnI}_{3}$</tex> -based perovskite solar cell (PSC) to analyze the performance using the SCAPS-1D tool. First, we modelled the device with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{FA}_{0.75}\text{Cs}_{0.25}\text{SnI}_{3}(\text{FACsSnI}_{3})$</tex> as an absorber layer. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{SnO}_{2}$</tex> and PTAA are used as the electron and hole transport layers (ETL and HTL). The recombination losses in the device modulates the performance of PSC. Hence, the investigation of the effect of the Shockley-Read Hall, Radiative, and Auger recombination on the performance of SC is crucial for enhancing the performance of the device. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{ITO}/\text{SnO}_{2}/\text{FACsSnI}_{3}/\text{PTAA}/\text{Au}$</tex> PSC structure was studied and shows a PCE of 25.03 % with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{V}_{\text{oc}}$</tex> of 0.95 V, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{J}_{\text{sc}}$</tex> of 34.71 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{mA}/\text{cm}^{2}$</tex>, and FF of 76.28 % under the optimal absorber thickness (t) of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.8 \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex>, acceptor doping density <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}})$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{17}\text{cm}^{-} 3$</tex>, trap density of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{15} \ \text{cm}^{-3}$</tex>, Auger electron/hole capture coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{n}/\mathrm{p}})$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{-29}\text{cm}^{-6}/\mathrm{s}$</tex> and radiative recombination coefficient (B) of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{-11}\text{cm}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$</tex>. Quantum efficiency (QE) reached up to 100% at wavelength of 350 nm under the optimum conditions. This study is helpful to identify the mechanisms responsible for the degradation of the performance of PSCs.