Capacity Planning of Zero-Carbon Base Station Energy System with Heat Recovery

The swift advancement of mobile communications has caused a notable rise in the number of base stations worldwide, leading to elevated energy consumption and carbon emissions. Hydrogen holds substantial potential in achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The waste heat generated by base stations and fuel cells underscores the importance of efficient thermal management and heat recovery practices to enhance energy efficiency and work towards achieving zero carbon emissions. Therefore a zero-carbon base station energy system (ZBSES) is developed, which considers the heat recovery of fuel cells and base station. However, heat recovery requires precise temperature control, which resulting a non-convex optimization structure. A capacity planning model of ZBSES with bilinear constraints is then developed, which accurately describes the heat recovery process, showcasing its precision and effectiveness. The numerical findings indicate that ZBSES can effectively adjust the power usage of the base station and meet the thermal demand of residents, while achieving zero carbon emissions.