Design and Research of Arc Discharge Electromagnetic Radiation Detection Antenna

Arc fault could cause equipment damage, system instability, electromagnetic interference, and other problems, posing a potential threat to the reliability and safety of the power network and causing harm to the power system. This research aimed to design Archimedean spiral antenna and Hilbert fractal antenna to detect radio frequency electromagnetic signals generated by arc discharge. Through simulation and analysis, it was found that the sixth-order Hilbert fractal antenna had better emission coefficient characteristics and directivity, and was more in line with design requirements. Through optimized design, it was determined that the 6th-order Hilbert fractal antenna had the widest frequency band with a return loss of less than -5dB in the detection frequency band, which met the design requirements. The final size of the antenna was determined to be <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{90}\ \mathbf{mm} \times \mathbf{90} \mathbf{mm} \times \mathbf{1.6}\mathbf{mm}$</tex> to meet the design requirements for miniaturization and portability.