Berberine in obesity therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Objective: The study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of berberine in obesity treatment, with a particular focus on its effects on key metabolic mechanisms, inflammatory processes, and gut microbiota composition. Materials and Methods: This review encompasses an analysis of preclinical and clinical studies examining berberine’s mechanisms of action, including AMPK pathway activation, lipid profile regulation, white adipose tissue browning, and gut microbiota modulation. Data on berberine’s bioavailability and advanced delivery systems were also included. Main results: Studies demonstrate that berberine improves anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference), promotes adipose tissue remodeling, and supports glycemic control. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reduces inflammatory markers, and modulates gut microbiota to enhance metabolic processes. Advanced delivery systems have improved its bioavailability, enhancing clinical efficacy. Conclusions:Berberine shows multifaceted potential as a complementary therapy for obesity, especially when combined with lifestyle interventions. It offers a safe and effective alternative for addressing this global health challenge.