Factor influencing pharmacist engagement and turnover intentionin Thai community pharmacist: A structural equation modeling approach

The objective of this study was to test the proposed hypothesized structural model of factor influencing pharmacist engagement and turnover intention in Thai community pharmacists. A cross-sectional study design with self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 209 fulltime community pharmacists. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The hypothesized model comprised five constructs. Organizational resources were assessed by training and development, payment and recognition, and physical working condition. Job characteristics were assessed by autonomy, job skill variety, task significant, and task identity. Social supports were evaluated by supervisory support and peer support. Pharmacist engagement was assessed by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Pharmacist turnover intention was measured by three indicative items. Turnover intention was ranging 20.67–29.33%. The model fit the data well (χ2/DF = 2.17, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.94, and RMSEA = 0.07). Organizational resources had a significant negative direct effect on pharmacist turnover intention (β = −0.39). Job characteristics and social supports had a significant positive effect with pharmacist engagement (β = 0.42 and 0.56, respectively). Pharmacist engagement had a significant negative effect with pharmacist turnover intention (β = −0.29). Thus, job characteristics and social supports had a significant negative indirect effect on turnover intention via pharmacist engagement (β = −0.12 and −0.16, respectively). Organizational resources that included training and development, payment and recognition, and physical working conditions were the most important factor to reduce turnover intention. Job characteristics and social supports helped to decrease pharmacist turnover intention through pharmacist engagement.