Effect of sinusoidal hill on the wake of wind turbines arranged at different positions

This study investigates the impact of complex terrain on wind turbine performance using a modified $k-\epsilon$ turbulence model. By simulating various turbine placements over threedimensional sinusoidal hills, we analyze how terrain-induced wind speed variations and turbine wake interactions affect downstream wind flow. The results reveal that turbine positioning significantly influences wake effects and energy capture, with optimal placement reducing interference and enhancing efficiency. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering terrain features and wake dynamics in wind farm design to maximize energy production and minimize performance losses.