Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks via Clustering Approach

Energy management is a pivotal aspect of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to the restricted energy resources available for sensor nodes. Clustering protocols have proven to be effective for energy conservation. LEACH and C-LEACH are two of the many proven protocols that have been studied. However, these methods have certain limitations that need to be addressed. To overcome these limitations, a new approach called Distributed LEACH (D-LEACH) has been proposed, with the goal of improving energy efficiency and extending the lifespan of the network. D-LEACH provides several advantages over LEACH and C-LEACH, including balanced energy consumption among nodes. In this regard, D-LEACH's performance was evaluated by tracking network lifetime using Euclidean and Manhattan distance measures. This study focuses on energy optimization in WSNs through clustering approaches, particularly D-LEACH. In conclusion, D-LEACH outperforms LEACH by approximately 16% in Euclidean and 20% in Manhattan and C-LEACH by 10% in Euclidean and 11% in Manhattan. This research contributes to the sustainability and effectiveness of WSNs in various applications.