[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal and gastric variceal rupture bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension (2024 edition)].

Portal hypertension is a group of syndromes with persistently increased portal pressure from a variety of causes, of which cirrhosis is the most common cause. The primary pathophysiological feature ofportal hypertension in cirrhosis is the obstruction of portal blood flow, resulting in elevated portal pressure and the opening of collateral circulation. Among the many clinical manifestations of cirrhotic portal hypertension, esophageal and gastric variceal rupture bleeding is the most urgent and carries a high mortality rate. The diagnosis and treatment process for esophageal and gastric variceal rupture bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension has been standardized by multidisciplinary experts organized by the Chinese Society of Spleen and Portal Hypertension Surgery, Chinese Society of Surgery, and Chinese Medical Association. The "<i>Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal and gastric variceal rupture bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension</i>（<i>2019 edition</i>）" was revised and updated to form this consensus, integrating the latest research findings and clinical experience to provide clinicians with scientific and practical diagnostic and treatment recommendations, helping them develop optimal treatment plans to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.