Analysis of surgical outcomes of patients with laryngeal cancer

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate tumor localization, histopathological characteristics, surgical approaches, and clinical outcomes by comparing the findings with the existing literature. Patients and Methods: Data from 55 male patients (mean age: 57.3±13.3 years; range, 39 to 88 years) who underwent surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer were retrospectively analyzed between November 2014 and December 2023. Surgical techniques included total or partial laryngectomy and neck dissection. Tumor localization, histopathology, staging, and demographic data were documented. Results: All patients were smokers. Alcohol use was reported by 23 (41.8%) patients. The most common symptom was hoarseness, observed in 43 (78.1%) patients, followed by dysphagia in nine (16.3%) patients and dyspnea in six (10.9%) patients. Tumor localization was primarily glottic in 26 (47.3%) patients and transglottic in 17 (30.9%) patients. Total laryngectomy was performed in 38 (69.1%) patients, and 13 (28.9%) patients had neck metastases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological finding in 54 (98.2%) patients, with 29 (52.7%) patients showing moderate differentiation. Advanced-stage tumors (T3-T4) were identified in 28 (50.9%) patients. Conclusion: Laryngeal cancer predominantly affects males with a history of smoking and alcohol use. Surgical treatment, particularly total laryngectomy, remains the workhorse of management. Neck dissection is critical for addressing lymphatic spread. These findings align with the literature, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment approaches to improve clinical outcomes.