On-Road Wireless EV Charging Systems as a Complementary to Fast Charging Stations in Smart Grids

Electric vehicle (EV) users have the flexibility to fulfill their charging needs using either high-speed charging stations or innovative on-road wireless charging systems, ensuring uninterrupted travel to their destinations. These options present a spectrum of benefits, enhancing convenience and efficiency. The adoption of on-road wireless charging as a complementary method influences both the timing and extent of demand at fast-charging stations. This study introduces a comprehensive probabilistic framework to analyze EV arrival rates at fast-charging facilities, incorporating the impact of on-road wireless charging availability. The proposed model utilizes transportation data, including patterns from the US National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), to predict the specific times when EVs would need fast charging. To account for uncertainties in EV user decisions concerning charging preferences, a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approach is employed, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of charging behaviors and their potential impact on charging stations. A queuing model is developed to estimate the charging demand for numerous electric vehicles at a charging station, considering both scenarios: on-road EV wireless charging and relying exclusively on fast-charging stations. This study includes an analysis of a case and its simulation results based on a 32-bus distribution system and data from the US National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). The results indicate that integrating on-road EV wireless charging as complementary to fast charging significantly reduces the peak load at the charging station. Additionally, considering the on-road EV wireless charging system, the peak load of the station no longer aligns with the peak load of the power grid, resulting in improved power system capacity and deferred system upgrades.