Nonreciprocal quantum heat engine in a spinning optomechanical system

We propose a nonreciprocal quantum heat engine based on a spinning optomechanical system, in which the properties of the polariton branches are modified by tuning the detuning to realize the Otto cycle, enabling the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. The Sagnac effect resulting from the rotation of the resonator leads to a pronounced disparity in work output and efficiency when the resonator is driven from opposing directions, establishing a distinct nonreciprocal behavior. Additionally, the performance of the engine can be precisely modulated by controlling the frequency shift, allowing for flexible and efficient optimization of the quantum heat engine's operation while markedly reducing its reliance on cavity field frequencies. These results provide critical insights and a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of quantum heat engines.