ACTIVE MODELS OF CALQUES IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE

Along with word formation based on the material already existing in the language, which is the main way of enriching each language, it’s crucial to stress that various kinds of borrowings, as a result of contact between peoples, play, as is known, a large role in the formation of new words and expressions. This highlights the dynamism and evolution of language. Whatever forms this contact takes, the results of linguistic communication are influenced not only by contacts between peoples and the structure of languages but also by non-linguistic facts: economic and political conditions of linguistic contacts, the scientific and cultural prestige of the people speaking a given language, its numbers, etc. Naturally, all types of linguistic contacts, , are not carried out by themselves but by people speaking these languages. The environment where language contacts are carried out is human society, the psyche of people; the place where the results of these contacts are reflected in the structure of languages. This circumstance provides the basis for distinguishing between language contacts and their results. The study of this issue is important not only for general linguistics and the study of word formation types of certain languagesbut also makes it possible to correctly assess the extent of the influence of one language on another, which is evidence of the influence of culture, in the broad sense of the word, of one people on the culture of another. The analysis of calques, as well as other processes occurring in the vocabulary of languages, is of interest for history, the history of science, technology, culture, etc., since all this is closely connected with human activity in all spheres of life.