Novel, nanomagnetic and recoverable copper(0)-catalyst in one-pot access to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles and 5-substituted 1 <i>H</i> -tetrazoles in water

A novel Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Pr-2-Py-Cu(0) complex was produced as a heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst and characterized by employing several spectroscopic methods such as XRD, FT-IR, BET, VSM, FE-SEM, ICP, TGA, EDX, mapping, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of this novel catalyst was examined for efficient access to diverse 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles via eco-friendly one-pot three-component reactions of sodium azide, various terminal alkynes, and benzyl, allyl, ester, or alkyl halide in aqueous media and mild conditions. In addition, catalyst activity to study the generality and scope of the reaction in the library preparation of 5-substituted 1<i>H</i>-tetrazoles with a variety of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups was used through a one-pot reaction of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, diverse aldehydes and sodium azide in water. Catalyst recyclability results showed that it could operate up to eight consecutive runs without a significant reduction in the reaction efficiency. This green strategy assigns substantial advantages such as efficient and environmentally benign procedures, chemical waste minimization, stability and cost-effectiveness, short reaction time, wide-ranging substrate, an excellent yield of desired products and recoverable and reusable nanomagnetic catalysts.