Assessment of Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Non-Dialysis CKD Patients

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that significantly affects the global population, with increasing prevalence in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Among CKD patients, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with arterial stiffness emerging as a critical indicator of cardiovascular risk. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness, offering valuable insights into vascular health. This study explores the association between baPWV and clinical parameters in non-dialysis CKD patients in Bangladesh. Objective: To investigate the association between baPWV and various clinical and laboratory parameters in non-dialysis CKD patients in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College, between September 2021 and March 2023. The study involved 100 non-dialysis CKD patients (50 with vitamin D deficiency and 50 without), aged 18 years or older, in stages 3-5. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and baPWV was measured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 with statistical tests including t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher baPWV compared to non-deficient patients, with significant differences observed across all CKD stages (p<0.05). The mean baPWV in the vitamin D deficient group was 22.5±1.75 m/s, while in the non-deficient group it was 16.86±1.82 m/s (p<0.05). The regression analysis identified vitamin D levels, age, and serum iPTH as significant independent predictors of baPWV. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that baPWV is significantly higher in non-dialysis CKD patients with vitamin D deficiency. The findings suggest that baPWV can serve as a reliable indicator for assessing cardiovascular risk in CKD patients, particularly in Bangladesh, where CKD ...