Probiotics as Immunotherapeutic Adjuvants: Enhancing Viral Defense Against Emerging Pathogens, including Monkeypox

Probiotics have appeared as effective immunotherapeutic adjuvants that influence host immune responses to viral infections. The latest study has shown that probiotics can improve innate and adaptive immunity by activating dendritic cells, producing interferons, and modulating proinflammatory cytokines. Probiotics can be used as adjuvants in viral immunotherapy to enhance mucosal immunity, which is critical for battling emerging infectious illnesses such as monkeypox. The antiviral potency of probiotics, specifically with standard therapies, makes them attractive contributors to establishing complete viral defense methods for upcoming epidemics.