Cubosomes as Advanced Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Cubosomes are nanostructured liquid crystalline particles that have emerged as promising drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical research. These self-assembled lipid-based systems possess a distinctive cubic crystalline structure with interconnected water channels, enabling the accommodation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic agents. The structural organization, preparation methodologies, and physicochemical properties of cubosomes determine their effectiveness as drug carriers. Top-down and bottom-up approaches represent the primary preparation techniques, each offering unique advantages and limitations in cubosome formation. The remarkable features of cubosomes include high internal surface area, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, establishing them as excellent candidates for pharmaceutical applications. Their ability to enhance drug solubility, improve bioavailability, and provide controlled release characteristics has been demonstrated across oral, parenteral, and topical delivery routes. Applications in cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, and disease management have shown promising outcomes. However, challenges persist in large-scale production and maintaining long-term stability. Recent technological advances and emerging applications indicate significant potential for cubosome-based systems to enhance therapeutic strategies in modern medicine, particularly in targeted drug delivery and personalized treatment approaches.