Epileptic Seizures and Nutritional Status in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Unraveling the Interconnections

Objective: This cross-sectional study explores the complex relationship between nutritional status and the prevalence of epileptic seizures in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Conducted between September and October 2024 at a private physiotherapy and rehabilitation center in Türkiye, the study included 58 participants aged 3-15 years diagnosed with CP. The research focused on evaluating socio-demographic data, health information, and detailed 24-hour food consumption patterns alongside anthropometric measurements and the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Results: Our findings reveal a significantly higher risk of epileptic seizures in children born via cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery (p=0.014). No significant direct correlation was identified between the specific components of food consumed and the occurrence of epileptic seizures. However, children with epilepsy demonstrated dietary preferences that were higher in energy, carbohydrates, and saturated fats, potentially affecting their overall nutritional status and exacerbating existing health conditions. Furthermore, malnutrition, particularly marked by lower Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Z-scores in children experiencing seizures, suggests a potential worsening of their seizure condition and general health (p=0.022). Additionally, higher incidences of chewing difficulties and swallowing disorders were observed in children with seizures compared to those without. Conclusion: This study underscores the necessity for specialized nutritional strategies to address malnutrition, improve health, and manage seizures in children with CP, emphasizing the role of balanced dietary intake over diets high in energy and fats.