A transdisciplinary analysis on human papilloma virus and cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CaCx) remains a significant public health challenge in India, particularly in the rural regions of West Bengal. CaCx accounts for a substantial proportion of cancer cases among women, exacerbated by factors such as limited access to healthcare, socioeconomic disparities, and environmental risk factors. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), primarily types 16 and 18, is the leading cause of CaCx. In West Bengal, the prevalence of CaCx correlates with lifestyle habits, nutritional deficiencies, and sociocultural barriers, further intensified by inadequate healthcare infrastructure and awareness. This review highlights the transdisciplinary challenges in addressing CaCx in West Bengal, emphasizing the role of HPV infection, associated risk factors, and the interplay of malnutrition and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. It underscores the importance of HPV vaccination and screening programs, which have successfully reduced CaCx incidence in affluent countries, yet remain underutilized in resource-limited settings due to financial, infrastructural, and cultural barriers. Nutritional interventions, such as increased intake of antioxidants and micronutrients, are proposed to mitigate the progression of CaCx, alongside policy recommendations to enhance healthcare access and affordability. Comprehensive strategies include community-based health promotion, government-private partnerships, and leveraging global best practices. Addressing mental health and stigma associated with HPV diagnosis is also critical for holistic care. This study calls for region-specific, multidisciplinary approaches that integrate public health policies, education, and healthcare delivery to effectively combat the burden of CaCx in West Bengal and similar settings.