Reference ranges of gender- and age-related heart rate variability parameters in Russian children

To obtain reference ranges for heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in healthy children, taking into account their gender and age. The study included the results of testing 22,468 children ranging 5.5-12.5 years of age. The data were grouped by age and gender. The analysis of HRV parameters was carried out according to the standards described in existing guidelines. It was based on a 5-min rhythmogram obtained from a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The following characteristics of the temporal and spectral analyses of HRV were studied: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), power in the low-frequency band of the HRV spectrum (LF), low-frequency power as mean percentage of total power (TP) of HRV spectrum (LF%), power in the high-frequency band of the HRV spectrum (HF), high-frequency power as mean percentage of TP of HRV spectrum (HF%), power in the very-low-frequency band of HRV (VLF), and LF/HF ratio. The values of SDNN, LF, HF, HF% and TP increased with age, reaching a peak at 8 and 9 years of age. It is notable that the values of SDNN, LF and TP were significantly lower in girls in each age group. The values of LF% and LF/HF decreased with age, with a peak decrease at 8 and 9 years of age, followed by a moderate increase or stabilization. The values of LF% and LF/HF did not differ statistically significantly between boys and girls. The VLF parameter exhibited a clear trend of growth with age and had higher values in boys of each age group. The correlation between HRV and heart rate (HR) was statistically significant. The correlation graphs had similar curves in both gender groups and both age groups. The parameters of the total HRV, as well as the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), exhibited similar growth trends with age, with a peak increase in their values at 8 and 9 years of age. HR, as well as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), decreased with age. Gender differences also followed a consistent pattern: parameters characterizing the activity of the peripheral nervous system were significantly higher in boys than in girls across all age groups.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2025-02-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89712-8
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
6.94
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Reference ranges of gender- and age-related heart rate variability parameters in Russian children

Е. З. Голухова, Elena Shvartz, I. A. Aleksandrovich, Svetlana B. Koroleva et al.
5 citations
Scientific Reports
Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
6.94
article

Reference ranges of gender- and age-related heart rate variability parameters in Russian children

Е. З. Голухова, Elena Shvartz, I. A. Aleksandrovich, Svetlana B. Koroleva, Кульчицкий Александр Александрович, Sergey Donakanyan, Vladimir A. Shvartz, Kitsov Valentin Viktorovich, Filler Anna Andreevna, Makaznak Vitaly Vitalievich, Petrovskaya Zarema Kazbekovna, Strela Vyacheslav Nikolaevich, Yaroslavtsev Alexey Andreevich, Shunaylov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich, Romanenko Daria Vladimirovna, Isaev Roman Igorevich, Zaichenko Maria Sergeevna, Vasily Danilov, Mashoshin Pavel Aleksandrovich, Chernenkova Tatyana Mikhailovna, Malkina Elena Viktorovna, Amelin Konstantin Aleksandrovich, Fateev Gennady Viktorovich, Fateeva Olga Alfredovna, Chernov Andrey Vasilievich, Ishchenko Valentina Gennadievna, Khromov Andrey Yurevich, Martyushova Svetlana Gennadievna, Petrova Irina Sergeevna, Gorlov Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Andronov Yuriy Vladimirovich, Arinova Anastasia Alexandrovna, Brtsieva Olga Vladimirovna, Vlasov Alexey Anatolievich, Gnedneva Elena Sergeevna, Gorokhov Alexey Aleksandrovich, Gotovtsev Vitaly Evgenevich, Grebenkina Larisa Viktorovna, Gusakova Irina Alekseevna, Gusyatnikov Maksim Aleksandrovich, Davletshina Yulia Damirovna, Davydenko Evgenia Alekseevna, Dragovoz Tatiana Olegovna, Zamyatina Svetlana Timofeevna, Zaslavsky Sergey Vladimirovich, Zatynatskaya Irina Sergeevna, Kiryukhina Yulia Yurevna, Klimov Vladimir Vladimirovich, Krapivin Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Kurbala Svetlana Vladimirovna, Leshchenko Pelageya Vasilevna, Levushkin Nikita Sergeevich, Liosko Viktor Valerevich, Lovlin Vasily Vasilyevich, Lyapunov Nikita Andreevich, Maylatov Roman Vladimirovich, Makarenko Gleb Sergeevich, Vadim Permyakov, Matochkina Natalia Alekseevna, Melkumyan Arsen Egishovich, Morozova Yulia Sergeevna, Neznamova Sofia Sergeevna, Radchenko Nikolay Nikolaevich, Sidelnikova Sabina Fairovna, Skorykh Igor Viktorovich, Tikhontseva Kristina Mikhailovna, Tretyakova Natalia Vyacheslavovna, Udalova Anna Aleksandrovna, Nadezhda Erastova, Usacheva Olga Anatolievna, Cherkashina Svetlana Olegovna, Sheshukova Alexandra Iglrevna, Yagina Natalia Vladimirovna, Baderttinova Alina Radikovna
article en
5 citations

Abstract

To obtain reference ranges for heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in healthy children, taking into account their gender and age. The study included the results of testing 22,468 children ranging 5.5-12.5 years of age. The data were grouped by age and gender. The analysis of HRV parameters was carried out according to the standards described in existing guidelines. It was based on a 5-min rhythmogram obtained from a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The following characteristics of the temporal and spectral analyses of HRV were studied: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), power in the low-frequency band of the HRV spectrum (LF), low-frequency power as mean percentage of total power (TP) of HRV spectrum (LF%), power in the high-frequency band of the HRV spectrum (HF), high-frequency power as mean percentage of TP of HRV spectrum (HF%), power in the very-low-frequency band of HRV (VLF), and LF/HF ratio. The values of SDNN, LF, HF, HF% and TP increased with age, reaching a peak at 8 and 9 years of age. It is notable that the values of SDNN, LF and TP were significantly lower in girls in each age group. The values of LF% and LF/HF decreased with age, with a peak decrease at 8 and 9 years of age, followed by a moderate increase or stabilization. The values of LF% and LF/HF did not differ statistically significantly between boys and girls. The VLF parameter exhibited a clear trend of growth with age and had higher values in boys of each age group. The correlation between HRV and heart rate (HR) was statistically significant. The correlation graphs had similar curves in both gender groups and both age groups. The parameters of the total HRV, as well as the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), exhibited similar growth trends with age, with a peak increase in their values at 8 and 9 years of age. HR, as well as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), decreased with age. Gender differences also followed a consistent pattern: parameters characterizing the activity of the peripheral nervous system were significantly higher in boys than in girls across all age groups.

Scientific ReportsVol. 15(1)
Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RU), National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (RU), Federal Scientific Center of Physical Culture and Sports (RU)
Gender equality
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
6.94
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.