A Bi-Level Robust Planning Method for Distributed Energy Storage Considering the Uncertainty of Wind and Solar Power Output

Distributed energy storage, as an important means to address distributed renewable energy, is gaining increasing attention. This paper focuses on the issue of distributed energy storage planning in the distribution network, considering the uncertainty of wind and solar power output. With the objective of optimizing the levelized cost of electricity, a two-stage robust energy storage planning model is constructed based on the CCG algorithm and KKT theory, solved through the iteration of the master and sub-problems. The model includes distributed energy storage, distributed photovoltaics, decentralized wind power, gas turbines, and demand response loads. Finally, simulations are conducted in the IEEE 33 system, demonstrating that the proposed energy storage planning method can effectively address the uncertainty of renewable energy output, providing a reference for distribution network investors in energy storage planning and investment.